In olden times religion was the primary source of charity, and government kept its hands out of it. But it should be remembered that in previous times Church and State were intrinsically intertwined, and both were more or less compulsory. Church had far greater sway on one's day to day life, and had the resources to serve as a societal safety net.
I doubt strongly that houses of worship in modern America have either the resources or breadth to exclusively serve that role.
That's a valid point. The United States was a unique experiment with capitalism and no authoritative overlord, either church or government. The result was incredible wealth and progress. There was still a gap between those with the most and those with the least, but those with the least still benefited greatly over those with the least in any previous form of state. (Not counting slaves.)
Human nature being what it is, there are always problems with any group organization, including states and nations. All organizations consist of those with more power and wealth, and those with less. In free market capitalism, there is more free movement of individuals up and down this hierarchy.
Today, you are correct in that people are not invested in religion nearly as much as before. Maybe in the past when church was powerful, it was as compulsory as government is today. Even now within specific religions there can be social pressure to tithe.
So you are answering my question, why the Jews seem to believe in leftism (socialism, ie: government provided services) - do they have a history of their own government being one and the same with their religion? Moses and the tribe leadership, let's say? Today they seem to have transferred the responsibility once held by their own tribal leadership, to whatever secular government they find themselves under, to be responsible for taking care of the disenfranchised?
Or maybe let me ask you this: The Democrats a generation ago, were not communists. They were not far left progressives. I can understand Jews being Democrats then, just like Catholics were. In a similar way, Catholics believe in taking care of the poor, and communal responsibility. They could support some government programs as a safety net. But in the past few decades the Democrat party has been taken over by Marxists - those who don't believe in Capitalism at all, but total government control of all resources.
I think I'm getting to the core of my confusion here. If you believe in free market capitalism basically, that it led to the wealth and progress of the U.S., but you just think government should take responsibility for providing programs for the disenfranchised, that is one thing. But if you follow what is suggested by the far left part of the Democrat party today, which is promoting a wholesale takeover of huge parts of the economy such as healthcare, energy production, and all of higher education, that's not a traditional Democrat. That's a communist. The only thing left is food production and I'm waiting any minute for AOC or the like to suggest that too if they haven't already.
And that is what I have trouble understanding why a Jew or a Catholic, or anyone really, could support. So if you're a Democrat just because of legacy and the false idea the other side is "evil" that's one thing. But if you're a Democrat because you truly think Lenin and Stalin did better for their people than Jefferson and Adams, that baffles me.